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How Vitamin D Status & Body Composition Impact Your Cancer Risk

Author:

Morgan Chamberlain

December 18, 2024

Former mbg Supplement Editor

By Morgan Chamberlain

Former mbg Supplement Editor

Morgan Chamberlain is mindbodygreen's former supplement editor. She graduated from Syracuse University with a Bachelor of Science degree in magazine journalism and a minor in nutrition.

Image by Michela Ravasio / Stocksy

December 18, 2024

Evidence suggests that increasing your vitamin D intake can help reduce your risk of developing cancer and autoimmune diseases (yes, really!), but a JAMA cohort study indicates this seemingly simple solution isn't so cut and dried.

According to the research, body composition (i.e., as measured by weight, body fat percentage, BMI, and waist circumference) plays a massive role in how much vitamin D 1 your body actively circulates—and, subsequently, impacts the cancer research previously determined.

How vitamin D status impacts cancer risk

This post hoc analysis of the VITAL study—which evaluated the influence of vitamin D and omega-3 intake on cancer, heart disease, and stroke risk—set out to discover whether body composition played a part in this relationship.

This was inspired by the significant preventive results found in participants with "normal" BMI at the baseline that increased their vitamin D intake but not those with overweight or obesity. These included:

24% reduction in cancer incidence
42% reduction in cancer mortality
22% reduction in autoimmune disease incidence

The cohort study analyzed a subset of 16,515 participants from the VITAL study and found that vitamin D levels increased less over a two-year period in participants with higher BMI. Researchers hypothesize that this is due to a blunted metabolism and lowered amount of circulating (i.e., active) vitamin D in the blood in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Evidence shows a clear inverse relationship between adipose tissue and vitamin D status 2, and this correlation subsequently impacts the likelihood that individuals with higher BMIs may reap the proactive health benefits demonstrated in previous studies (e.g., reduced cancer risk, cancer mortality, and autoimmune disease prevalence).

Does evidence show that maintaining healthy vitamin D levels can help reduce the likelihood of developing cancer or an autoimmune disease? Yes. However, current research also indicates that your body composition plays a massive role in how much vitamin D is stored in your adipose tissue (i.e., your body fat) versus the amount available for your cells to use.

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The takeaway

To reap optimal longevity benefits detailed in this study, reaching and maintaining healthy vitamin D status is key. And research shows the best way to achieve vitamin D sufficiency is with a premium high-potency vitamin D supplement. (Hint: You can find mindbodygreen's top picks here.)