Skin Barrier: Ingredients To Support Yours + Why It's Important

Chronically dry, inflammation-prone skin is a dead giveaway that you suffer from a compromised skin barrier. When your barrier is compromised, your skin isn't able to do its two primary functions: inhibit trans-epidermal moisture loss (i.e., the evaporation of water through the skin) and protection from environmental pollutants, irritants, allergens, microbes, and more. Here, we outline the importance of the skin barrier function, plus ways to support it both internally and externally. 

Supporting your skin barrier isn't just superficial either: It has repercussions for overall health, too. Board-certified dermatologist Leslie Baumann, M.D., points to the results of a 2019 study delineating the link between skin dysfunction and various health conditions caused by chronic inflammation. In the study, researchers connected the use of barrier repair moisturizers with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood, highlighting the importance of the skin's protective role in our overall health: Namely, that poor barrier function is linked to inflammation that can trigger internal health conditions.

Or if you're a do-it-at-home sort of beauty fan, it can also be found in fermented foods like yogurt, if you want to DIY a mask for yourself.

"Ceramides are fatty molecules that make up the natural skin barrier and help to retain moisture," elaborates Marisa Garshick, M.D., FAAD. "Specifically, ceramides serve as the glue that helps keep the skin cells together." It is the integrity of these cellular components that determine barrier function. Research shows that when applied topically, phytoceramides dramatically improved the rate of repair of a damaged stratum corneum2 (top skin layer). 

Additionally, most derms also encourage you to consume them: "You need to be consuming sufficient amounts of healthy fats, which can be obtained from the diet," says King. Salmon is one of the most popular fatty fishes recommended by dermatologists; omega-3 fatty acids can also be supplemented in fish oil or fish oil capsule form. Turegano adds that nuts—particularly almonds and walnuts—are especially beneficial nuts to incorporate for the skin.

This lipid is naturally found in your skin's sebum. Previously it was harvested from shark liver, making it a very controversial skin care ingredient (for good reason), but recent developments in the last several years have made so that the molecules are better able to be derived from plants, such as olives. (Fun fact: the difference between the two comes down to if it's hydrogenated or not, and has nothing to do with the sourcing. A common misconception!) And research shows some advantages for the skin as an emollient, antioxidant, and for hydration3. 

Topically, use humectants first, followed by an occlusive cream or oil—this will speed up the repair of any compromised skin barrier. You can also look for hyaluronic acid supplements, which have been shown to retain skin moisture at the cellular level. Not only is HA responsible for keeping skin looking healthy and hydrated, but it is integral to our body's healing process4. When we're hurt, our bodies actually produce more hyaluronic acid, the synthesis of which increases during tissue injury and wound healing5.

As for oat oil, it can help with barrier protection as well—in addition to supporting natural ceramide levels. It has been known to boost ceramide levels in the skin, which help to keep skin cells together. 

Manuka honey is renowned for its repairing benefits. Clinical studies have shown it to be a very effective technique in healing wounds, burns, and other topical damage because it inhibits the growth9 of harmful bacteria. And given the abundance of antioxidants found in Manuka honey, it is highly anti-inflammatory10 and has been shown to work against dermatitis, acne, and eczema11, all conditions that tend to arise from a damaged skin barrier. 

Antioxidants are a vital part of the equation, as they are able to protect skin against free radical damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress—the primary reasons your skin barrier becomes damaged in the first place. The good news is that many botanicals naturally come with antioxidants (like aloe, shea butters, plant oils, many essential oils, and so on), but you can also use targeted options such as vitamin C, E, CoQ10, and more. Check out our full list of the best antioxidants to use for skin care here.

A strong skin barrier is not just about superficial measures: Keeping your skin healthy has internal benefits, too. And with the right topical products and supplements, you can help your skin repair and protect itself. For more products that can help support your barrier, check out favorite barrier creams.